什麼是礦工？
在區塊鏈興起之前，“礦工”專指從事挖煤礦的工人，提到礦工，腦海裡就會浮現出一群穿著背心，面板黝黑的工人拿著十字鎬在礦山上努力挖掘的樣子。
Before the rise of blockchain, "miner" refers to the workers who are engaged in coal mining. When it comes to miner, a group of dark workers in vests and with pickaxes are trying to dig in the mine.
區塊鏈誕生之後“礦工”便有了全新的含義。例如，在比特幣世界中的“礦工”是指的是參與維護比特幣網路獲得比特幣收益的個人或組織。和傳統的礦工不同的是，區塊鏈領域的礦工具有更多的科技色彩，以及更輕鬆的工作環境。
After the birth of blockchain, "miner" has a new meaning. For example, in the bitcoin world, "miner" refers to the person or organization involved in maintaining the bitcoin network to obtain the benefits of bitcoin. Unlike the traditional miners, the miners in the blockchain field have more technological color and easier working environment.
挖礦是什麼？
挖礦是增加數字貨幣供應的一個過程。挖礦同時還保護著數字貨幣系統的安全，防止欺詐交易，避免“雙重支付”。礦工們透過為數字貨幣網路提供算力來換取獲得對應數字貨幣獎勵的機會。簡單理解，挖礦的過程實際上是銀行發幣的過程，礦工除了發幣之外，還承擔了打包交易記賬的工作。
Mining is a process of increasing the digital money supply. Mining also protects the security of the digital currency system, prevents fraudulent transactions, and avoids "double payments.". By providing computing power for the digital currency network, the miners exchange for the opportunity to obtain corresponding digital currency rewards. It is easy to understand that the process of mining is actually the process of issuing currency by the bank. In addition to issuing currency, the miner also undertakes the work of packing transaction bookkeeping.
礦工們驗證每筆新的交易，並且將交易記錄在總賬本內。約每10分鐘就會有一個新的區塊被“挖掘”出來，將包含在區塊內的每筆交易新增到總賬本上的交易是“確認交易”，交易被確認後，新的擁有者才能使用他在交易中得到的比特幣。
礦工在挖礦中會得到兩種獎勵：建立新的區塊獎勵和區塊中交易的手續費。為了得到這些獎勵，礦工們計算基於雜湊加密演算法的數學題，數學題的答案被包含在新區塊裡，作為礦工的工作證明，被稱為“工作量證明”，俗稱Pow挖礦。
The miners verify each new transaction and record it in the general ledger. Every 10 minutes or so, a new block will be "mined" out. The transaction that adds each transaction contained in the block to the general ledger is "confirmed transaction". After the transaction is confirmed, the new owner can use the bitcoin he gets in the transaction.
There are two rewards for miners in Mining: a reward for creating a new block and a fee for trading in the block. In order to get these rewards, the miners calculate the mathematical problems based on the hash encryption algorithm. The answers to the mathematical problems are included in the new block, which is known as the "proof of work" as the work proof of the miners, commonly known as POW consensus mechanism.
如何挖礦?
挖礦的本質原理是在礦機上執行挖礦程式，計算演算法從而獲得獎勵。單個礦工的產出並不穩定，為了獲得穩定的挖礦產出收益，於是出現了礦池。礦池是將礦工的礦機集中在一起。礦機越多，算力越強。在全網的總算力中，佔據了一定比例的份額，這樣就保證了穩定的挖礦產出。分配挖礦產出時，會根據單個礦工貢獻給礦池的算力按比例分配，通常礦池會收取少量手續費。
The essential principle of mining is to run the mining program on the miner and calculate the algorithm to get the reward. The output of a single miner is not stable. In order to obtain a stable income from mining output, a mine pool appears. The ore pool is a collection of miners' mining machines. The more mining machines, the stronger the calculation power. In the total power of the whole network, it accounts for a certain proportion, so as to ensure a stable mining output. When allocating the mining output, it will be distributed in proportion according to the computing power contributed to the ore pool by a single miner, usually the ore pool will charge a small fee.
就像比特幣的世界裡，在沒有中心化機構發行的情況下，中本聰設計了一套將比特幣的分發設計成給比特幣礦工的記賬獎勵：每一次記賬權都由所有的礦工透過競爭挖礦產生，誰先找到正解，誰就能夠得到獎勵。而這個尋找正解的過程，我們稱之為“挖礦”；參與“挖礦”的人，稱為“礦工”。
Just like in the world of bitcoin, in the absence of centralized institutions, Nakamoto has designed a set of bookkeeping rewards that design the distribution of bitcoin to bitcoin miners: every bookkeeping right is generated by all miners through competitive mining, and whoever finds the right solution first can get the reward. The process of finding a positive solution is called "mining", and the people who participate in "mining" are called "miners".
