2019年11月12日晚8點，區塊方舟邀請了明星專案Kadena的創始人Will Martino到區塊方舟核心社群“區塊方舟星際戰艦”進行AMA（Ask Me Anything），從技術、市場、融資等多個方面對這個正在Coinlist上進行募資的頂尖專案進行了提問，以下為AMA實錄（本次AMA為中英雙語AMA，實錄部分同時記錄了中文和英文）：
Kadena AMA實錄
Warren船長:
大家好，歡迎參加本次區塊方舟的AMA，本次AMA的嘉賓為Kadena的CEO Will，大家掌聲歡迎！@Will Martino
感謝區塊方舟BlockArk社羣夥伴們的支援，同時也感謝合作機構及媒體（Winkrypto, 鏈聞，金色財經，CoinVoice，羊駝區塊鏈，星球日報，真本聰，陀螺財經，快鏈頭條）的大力支援。
Kadena 是一家智慧合約解決方案提供商，專注於為使用者提供私人區塊鏈技術解決方案，允許使用者實現ScalableBFT共識協議，同時提供了一種程式語言Pact，允許開發人員實現事務邏輯並執行業務操作。另外，Kadena也是目前市場上採用PoW共識機制結合鏈網模式來解決區塊鏈公鏈的“不可能三角形”難題的解決方案。
Warren船長:
您好Will，先給我們區塊方舟的社羣夥伴們打個招呼，並用一句話簡單地介紹下Kadena吧！
Hello, Will, first of all say hello to the community members of BlockArk, and briefly introduce Kadena in one sentence!@Will Martino
Will Martino:
Hi Everyone! Thanks for having me!
大家好！感謝你們的熱情邀請！
Kadena’s public blockchain solves the scaling challenges of Bitcoin and the security issues of Ethereum, making the technology ready for production smart contracts across all types of global industries.
Kadena公鏈解決了Bitcoin的可拓展性難題以及Ethereum的安全性問題，讓區塊鏈技術得以用在全球所有產業的相關智慧合約中。
Warren船長:
Q1：感謝Will，我們的第一個問題是，我們看到Kadena採用了ChainWeb這一併行PoW架構，這樣的跨鏈解決方案跟我們熟知的Polkadot和Cosmos有哪些異同呢？
The first question is that we have seen Kadena adopt the parallel PoW architecture of ChainWeb. How does such a cross-chain solution differ from Polkadot and Cosmos?
Will Martino:
To start, Kadena is Proof of Work, whereas Polkadot and Cosmos are Proof of Stake. In contrast to other blockchains that use PoS, PoW is the only protocol that’s been validated in the market. Kadena guarantees that an equal amount of hashrate is allocated to every chain. Cosmos’ different hubs don’t really need to resemble each other, and there is a distinct role for their “main chain” that hosts the Atom token. Similarly, Polkadot differentiates between “para-chains” and the central relay chains. Kadena’s Chainweb protocol is an undifferentiated mesh of base-layer hashrate, which is in the interest of smart contract developers who don’t have to worry about which chain they deploy to because they will always have the same security.
首先，Kadena採用的是工作量證明（PoW），而Polkadot和Cosmos則採用的權益證明（PoS）。和其他採用PoS的區塊鏈相比，PoW是目前唯一經過市場驗證的協議形式。Kadena將確保每一條鏈都能分配到相同數量的雜湊率（算力）。而在Cosmos中，形式各異的Hub相互之間安全性並不一致，且託管Atom通證的“主鏈”扮演著一個特殊的角色。Polkadot也類似，其區分了平行鏈和中繼鏈。Kadena的Chainweb協議是一種專注於底層雜湊率的無差別網狀協議，對於開發者而言，他們不必再為將智慧合約部署於哪個鏈而煩惱，因為在Kadena中每一條鏈都具備相同的安全性。
There is also a big difference with liquidity. With Cosmos and Polkadot, and all other hub-and-spoke models, there is a tradeoff between access and liquidity. A stake is required to trade on a spoke. This means that if you want to move funds to a new spoke, you need to divest from the first spoke, back to the hub, and then restake back to the new spoke. There is a base ledger that tracks all asset ownership so you have to settle with that ledger before you can move to a new spoke. Kadena’s Chainweb protocol is unique in that it has parallel ledgers that are in a single consistent network. There is no main chain to settle with because every chain in the network is a decentralized ledger that’s part of the greater decentralized whole. So, you can directly transfer funds from one chain to another in a single transaction without liquidity issues. Finally, all of the chains run on the Pact smart contract language so the tools needed to go chain-to-chain are available to everyone and require no central authority (like a “hub” or “foundation.”)
在流動性方面，Kadena也和其他專案大相徑庭。對於Cosmos和Polkadot，以及所有的“中心(hub)-邊緣(spoke)”發散型網路而言，都需要對網路的流動性與許可權性進行權衡。在上述結構中，質押需要向邊緣(spoke)節點發起交易，這也意味著如果你希望將資金從一個邊緣轉移至另一個邊緣，首先你需要解除前一個邊緣節點的質押，然後將資金返回中心（Hub），最後在新的邊緣節點上重新質押。這種網路也會有一個基礎賬本，用於追蹤所有資產的歸屬權，所以你在轉移質押資金時，也需要向該賬本發起交易請求。Kadena的Chainweb協議的獨特之處在於，其在統一網路中提供了複數個平行賬本。交易也不再需要主鏈參與進來，因為網路中的每一條鏈都是一個去中心化的賬本，還是更大範圍的去中心化整體的一部分。你只需要一次交易便可將資金直接從一條鏈轉移至另一條鏈上，不需要擔心資產流動性問題。最後，Kadena中所有的鏈都基於Pact智慧合約語言執行，所有人都能使用鏈間互動工具而不需要中心（例如Hub或基金會）的授權。
With the different approaches that Cosmos and Polkadot take, Kadena sees them as valuable collaborators and contributors to the blockchain ecosystem.
儘管Cosmos和Polkadot各自採用了不同的方法，Kadena仍然認為他們都是區塊鏈生態系統中的價值貢獻者，也將同他們進行合作。
Warren船長：
Q2：第二個問題，我們也看到Kadena加入了Cosmos生態的新聞，兩者的跨鏈網路如何相互相容？
The second question. We also saw the news about Kadena joining the Cosmos ecosystem. How compatible are these two cross-link networks?
Will Martino:
Great question. Pact's focus on Formal Verification, a capabilities-based security model, upgradability and multisig aligns incredibly well with the developer-first design principles of IBC. The implementation of Pact on Tendermint, which we call Kadenamint, is a meaningful step towards a unified and secure standard for smart contract languages across blockchain platforms.
Pact更專注於形式化驗證方面，並且在基於可用性的安全模型、協議可升級性以及多重簽名模型上，我們的設計原則與IBC開發者的首要設計原則驚人的相似。Pact在Tendermint上的實現我們稱之為Kadenamint，這是邁向區塊鏈平臺中，智慧合約語言擁有統一安全標準的一大步。
In addition, kadena and cosmos share the goal of creating a truly interoperable blockchain ecosystem
此外，Kadena和Cosmos的共同目標都是建立一個真正可互操作的區塊鏈生態系統。
Warren船長：
Q3：看得出來，Pact在Tendermint上有了更大的改進。第三個問題，PoW和PoS之爭一直尚未停息，很多公鏈為了提高TPS，都採用了PoS，而Kadena選擇PoW，是在不可能三角（安全性、拓展性、去中心化）中捨棄了哪一塊呢？
The third question is that the argument between PoW and PoS has not stopped. Many public chains have adopted PoS in order to improve TPS, however Kadena chose PoW, so could you tell us which part in the impossible triangle is not used in the Kadena (security, extensibility, decentralization)?
Will Martino:
Kadena covers all the bases in the blockchain trilemma. We’re able to do this in part because of the Proof of Work consensus mechanism.
Kadena顧及了區塊鏈不可能三角的所有部分，我們能做到這一點的部分原因是我們獨特的工作量證明共識機制。
Kadena's public blockchain uses Proof of Work, which allows Kadena to build upon the success of Bitcoin and addresses the known challenges of speed and scalability by using parallel braided chains. Our approach verifies the legitimacy of transactions, prevents double-spending, and rewards miners for the computational effort associated with each block solved.
Kadena公鏈使用了工作量證明，讓Kadena能站在比特幣的肩膀之上，用平行織鏈（parallel braided chains）來解決目前存在的處理速度和可拓展性的難題。我們也用獨特的方法驗證交易合理性，防止雙花並根據每個區塊的計算量來獎勵礦工。www.explorer.chainweb.com
Warren船長：
Q4：剛剛你提到了工作量證明和礦工，能否為我們簡單地介紹下Kadena的挖礦，用的什麼演算法，散戶能否參與？如何防範礦霸壟斷市場？
You mentioned PoW and Miner just now. Can you give us a brief introduction to Kadena mining, what algorithm is used, and can retail investors participate? How to prevent the whale miners from monopolizing the market?
Will Martino:
We have one token sale with parallel structures running side-by-side on CoinList.
https://www.coindesk.com/kadena-goes-live-announces-new-token-sale-aiming-for-20-million
我們將在Coinlist上同步進行通證銷售，連結：
https://www.coindesk.com/kadena-goes-live-announces-new-token-sale-aiming-for-20-million
Kadena’s public blockchain can get mined by running a full node and using our dedicated mining client. Kadena's public blockchain uses a Proof of Work consensus mechanism.
而Kadena公鏈可以透過執行全節點並使用特定的挖礦客戶端來進行挖礦，公鏈採用的是工作量證明共識機制。
To encourage steady growth of the network, Kadena’s public blockchain uses Blake2s as its primary hash function. We have opened up mining with CPU mining to start to allow for as much participation as possible. We will support GPU mining at a later date, at which point whales may join the network, but that is always a possibility.
為了激勵網路穩定且持續的增長，Kadena公鏈將使用Blake2s作為主要雜湊函式。我們已經開放了CPU挖礦以便更多的人能夠參與進來。我們也會在晚些時候支援GPU挖礦，屆時礦霸也許會加入到網路中，當然這畢竟只是“可能”。
GPUs actually came online yesterday, and there are now +20 nodes running in China.
GPUs昨天已經上線，現在在中國執行的節點已經超過20個了
Warren船長：
Q5：除了GPUs外，可以給我們講講測試網嗎？目前測試網的資料是怎麼樣的？在多少平行鏈，多少節點的情況下達到了怎樣的TPS?
What is the current test network data? Like how many parallel chains and how many nodes do you have? With these infrastructures, how many TPS do you get?
Will Martino:
At the moment, our public chain is running 10 parallel chains with 10-12 foundation nodes that we host. But the community hosts the majority of the nodes.
You can see a list of nodes here https://kadena.banteg.xyz/peers
目前，我們的公共鏈執行10個平行鏈，10-12個基礎節點。社羣承載了大多數節點。您可以在這裡看到一個節點列表https://kadena.banteg.xyz/peer
Our enterprise blockchain is a proprietary BFT-consensus protocol. It has been proven to achieve up to 8,000 TPS with latencies well below 100ms in real-world testing with 256 nodes.
我們獨有的BFT共識協議在256個節點的真實測試中已證實可以達到8000TPS，並且網路延遲遠低於100ms.
Almost forgot, you can Visit the Kadena Block Explorer
(https://explorer.chainweb.com/mainnet) for a live view of mainnet mining.
對了，您可以訪問Kadena 區塊瀏覽器（https://Explorer.chainweb.com/mainnet）以實時檢視主網的挖礦狀態。
Warren船長：
Q6：太厲害了，這個資料已經超過了市場上大多數的公鏈。第六個問題，Kadena應該也是市場上少有的同時具備公鏈和聯盟鏈兩套解決方案的專案，Will您認為聯盟鏈相較於公鏈有怎樣的優劣？如果沒有代幣的話，如何在聯盟鏈中解決激勵問題？
Awesome! The Sixth question. Kadena could also be one of the few projects in the market that has both public chain and enterprise chain solutions. In Will's opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of the enterprise (private?) chain compared with the public chain? What If there is no token, how do you solve the incentive problem in the enterprise chain?
Will Martino:
Great question! Let’s use Kadena’s public and private chains as examples.
好問題！我們以Kadena公有鏈和私有鏈作為例子
Kadena’s permissioned blockchain platform is one of the most reliable, fast, scalable enterprise blockchains in the market, enabling organizations to efficiently transact and share data in a decentralized manner. It’s also the first private blockchain that can scale to thousands of nodes.
Kadena的許可鏈區塊鏈平臺是目前市場上最可靠、最快且最能拓展的企業級區塊鏈之一，它允許相關組織能在去中心化環境下，高效的進行資料分享與交易，它也是第一個可以拓展至數千個網路節點的私有鏈。
Advantages of Private (https://medium.com/kadena-io/scalablebft-kadenas-private-blockchain-101-c99895c0fd50)
私有鏈的優勢(https://medium.com/kadena-io/scalablebft-kadenas-private-blockchain-101-c99895c0fd50)
1) Scalability
Our proprietary BFT-consensus protocol has been proven to achieve up to 8,000 TPS with latencies well below 100ms in real-world testing with 256 nodes.
1） 可拓展性：
我們獨有的BFT共識協議在256個節點的真實測試中已證實可以達到8000TPS，並且網路延遲遠低於100ms.
2) Privacy
Leveraging symmetric encryption technology, and fully blinded addressing, transactions can be securely hidden from non-transacting participants. That means multiple signature confidentiality without sacrificing blockchain benefits.
2）隱私性
利用對稱加密技術和全盲定址技術（Fully Blinded Addressing），交易可以安全地向非交易參與者隱藏，這也意味著我們可以在不犧牲區塊鏈優點的情況下實現多重簽名的機密性。
Kadena's public blockchain platform is a braided, parallelized PoW consensus mechanism. In blockchain, a consensus mechanism becomes a set of foundational rules for how a network agrees upon and verifies valid transactions, preventing double-spending and fraud. In short, Kadena is a blockchain that is faster, more secure, and more scalable.
Kadena的公有鏈平臺具有交織結構（Braided）和平行結構（Parallelized）的工作量證明共識機制。在區塊鏈中，共識機制作為基本規則，主要用於網路就資訊達成一致並驗證有效交易，防止雙花交易和欺詐行為。簡而言之，Kadena是一個更快，更安全，更能拓展的區塊鏈.
Then we get to the advantages of public
然後我們來看看公鏈的優勢
1) We're Proof of Work!!!
Kadena’s public blockchain is a massively parallel protocol that brings efficiency to Proof of Work. Unlike Proof of Stake, PoW is the only protocol that’s been validated in the market. Mining pays for throughput and provisioning, not just hash difficulty.
1）工作量證明
Kadena公有鏈是一種大規模的平行協議區塊鏈，協議讓工作量證明更加高效。不同於權益證明，工作量證明是目前唯一經過市場驗證的協議。挖礦行為不僅確保了網路雜湊難度，還為吞吐量和通證供應保障
2) Tested security on a scalable blockchain
We’ve been independently tested by the experts at Gauntlet Networks to show that our public chain can securely scale.
2）區塊鏈可拓展方面已透過安全性測試
我們已經透過了Gauntlet Network專家的單獨測試，證明了我們的公有鏈可以安全地進行網路拓展。
3) Faster throughput with lower latency
Kadena’s powerful attack resistance means faster mining, greater decentralization, and confirmation times under a minute.
3）更高的吞吐量和更低的延遲
Kadena強大的抗攻擊能力意味著它可以提供更快的挖礦速度，更好的去中心化程度，以及不到1分鐘的交易確認時間。
Kadena’s hybrid blockchain also uses Pact, Kadena’s human readable smart contract language, which allows for true interoperability between public and private chains.
Kadena的混合區塊鏈結構也使用了Pact，一種人類可讀的智慧合約語言，Pact允許私有鏈和公有鏈之間實現真正的互操作性。
We designed Pact to be the smart contract language people can easily learn and use—to support a range of projects. It has automated bug detection, supports external code without giving up control and enables private as well as consensus-based management.
我們將Pact設計為人們可以輕鬆學習並使用的智慧合約語言，以便支援更多的專案入駐。它具有自動查錯功能，能在可控情況下支援外部程式碼，還支援私有化管理和基於共識機制的管理。
1) Safe by design
Safe smart contracts need a safe language. Pact is immutable, deterministic and Turing-incomplete. It fights bugs and exploits while offering the power of a high-level language. Atomic transactions keep your data in order by guaranteeing that all instructions in a transaction are executed.
1）安全的設計
智慧合約的安全由編寫語言保證，Pact是一種不可變的，確定性的，圖靈不完備的語言。在提供高階語言功能的同時，還能協助Bug和漏洞修復。原子交易將能確保交易中所有指令都已正確執行，以此保證資料能夠妥當地處理。
2) Fast and legible code
Pact balances low-level, directly executable expressions and high-level declarative code that go beyond just instructions and describing exact outcomes. It parses fast and executes faster. And since it’s stored unmodified on the ledger, you always know what code you’re running.
2） 快速且簡練的程式碼
Pact除了提示和描述具體的輸出結果之外，還平衡了低層次的，可直接執行的表示式同高層次的，宣告式的程式碼之間的關係。Pact的解析速度和執行速度都很快，並且Pact編寫的程式碼在賬本上儲存時不會被修改，所以你總是知道自己究竟在執行何種程式碼。
Our network — built on the proven stability of Proof of Work and the ease of the Pact smart contract language — delivers a hybrid public-and-private platform that stands out as the best.
我們建立在穩定的工作量證明和簡單可用的Pact智慧合約語言上的網路，為使用者提供了最好用的公私鏈混合平臺。
Warren船長：
這個回答太硬核了，一直不忍心打斷
感謝感謝，Will給我們詳細地介紹了私聊和公鏈的優缺點，以及Pact語言的優勢
Q7：我們繼續接下來的提問，第七個問題，Kadena參與了摩根大通區塊鏈和美國證劵交易委員會的系統開發，Will您怎麼看待JPMC和Libra，以及接下來中國央行即將發行的DCEP？
Thank you for taking so long to answer this question. The next question is that Kadena participated in the development of the system of JPMorgan Chase blockchain and the US Securities and Exchange Commission. What does Will think of JPMC, Libra and the upcoming DCEP issued by the central bank of China?
Will Martino:
You all ask the best questions, I'll try to keep this one short(ish)
你們問的問題都很好，我儘量長話短說
On JPMC --
When Kadena’s founders worked at JPMorgan Chase, they led an emerging technology group that researched and vetted blockchains for the bank’s potential use and strategic investment. This involved in-depth analysis of early versions of Hyperledger, Axoni, Symbiont, Ripple and Ethereum. It was clear back then that the blockchain options on the market were technologically inadequate for real enterprise use cases.
關於JPMC
當Kadena的創始人在摩根大通工作時，他們領導過一個新興的技術團隊，主要研究並審查區塊鏈在銀行方面的潛力並進行相關戰略方面的投資。他們對早期版本的Hyperledger，Axoni，Symbiont，Ripple以及Ethereum都進行了深入研究。很明顯，當時市面上可用的區塊鏈對於企業而言，在技術層面是不夠格的。
The concerns Will and Stuart’s team raised included: How does a blockchain’s smart contract language safely and simply express complex business rules? How are public-key signatures guaranteed to be valid? Can the system scale to additional participants (nodes) without drastically slowing down performance? And, for a future-thinking enterprise, can you interoperate with other public and private blockchains easily? Using these questions as a framework, we saw the solution in Kadena’s hybrid blockchain.
Will和Stuart的團隊提出了一系列的問題：區塊鏈智慧合約的語言該如何安全且簡單的表達複雜的商業規則？如何確保公鑰簽名的有效性？系統可以在不顯著降低效能的情況下拓展更多的參與者（節點）麼？以及，對於有遠見的企業而言，公有鏈和私有鏈可以簡單的進行互動麼？以上述問題作為設計框架，就有了目前Kadena的混合區塊鏈解決方案。
On Libra:
The end goal of any monopoly is to become ‘Too Big To Fail.’ Libra represents Facebook and Silicon Valley taking a major step towards becoming a sovereign state. Do we really want corporations becoming governments?
關於Libra
任何壟斷企業的目標都是做到“大而不倒”。Libra代表著Facebook與矽谷向成為“主權國家”更進一步。我們真的希望企業成為政府麼？
From the corporation that has sold out user privacy, Facebook now offers you a bank account without interest rates, insurance, or oversight. There are no term limits on who runs Libra. You can’t vote out Mark Zuckerberg for screwing up monetary policy. How does it make sense for the CEO of a $500 billion company to control a new currency? The concept of Facebook, a large corporation accountable only to shareholders, running a currency is worse than a government doing it.
對於出賣隱私的公司而言，Facebook目前只是給你提供一個沒有利率，沒有保險，還沒有監管的銀行賬戶。Libra的運作不受第三方限制，就像你不可能因為扎克伯格搞壞了貨幣政策而勒令他下臺一樣。對於他而言，作為一個市值5000億美元公司的CEO，掌控一種全新的貨幣意味著什麼？Facebook畢竟只是一個對股東負責的公司，在這種理念下運營一種“貨幣”，Facebook做的會比政府更糟。
On DCEP ---
Providing a decentralized network for blockchain users has influenced Kadena’s roadmap since our founding in 2016. With DCEP, we are shown a future where cryptocurrency, along with how it’s built, distributed, and monitored, is in the hands of a government body. Because it’s just been announced, it’s difficult to predict where this could go, but it has to be understood that what has been proposed so far is not a truly trustless and decentralized token.
關於DCEP
自2016年以來，Kadena的目標一直是為區塊鏈使用者提供去中心化的網路。DCEP讓我們見識到了一種由政府機構掌控加密數字貨幣的創造、分發以及監管的未來。由於DCEP才對外宣佈沒多久，我們很難預測它的未來發展情況究竟如何。但有一點必須知道，就目前為止提出的DCEP概念而言，並不代表著DCEP是一個缺乏信任和去中心化的通證（Token）。
Warren船長：
Q8：哈哈哈，看來Will對Libra還是有些意見的。接下來我們希望問下融資相關的問題。2016年Kadena專案就已經公開，2018年拿到了眾多頂尖投資機構的投資，諸如Fidelity、MetaStable、Multicoin Capital，但直到最近才決定在coinlist上面進行公開融資。這兩年以來，Kadena有怎樣的發展，有怎樣的突破？
Then we will ask something about financing. Kadena, which was established in 2016, received investments from a number of top investment houses in 2018, including Fidelity, MetaStable and Multicoin Capital, but only recently decided to raise public funds on the CoinList. How has Kadena developed and broken through in the past two years?
Will Martino:
Through our work creating JP Morgan’s first blockchain (Juno), Kadena founders (Stuart Popejoy and Will Martino) recognized the vulnerabilities in blockchain that needed to be addressed. Moving forward, scalability and smart contract safety had to be the core of Kadena’s design, which directed the company’s vision following our founding in 2016. The fact that we have real enterprise use cases today helps to show that Kadena is a leader in the space. For example, we’re excited about working with Rymedi and USCF (a $3 billion fund).
自從建立了摩根大通的第一個區塊鏈專案（Juno）以來，Kadena的創始人Stuart Popejoy和Will Martino清楚的認識到哪些問題是目前區塊鏈亟需解決的。對未來而言，網路的可拓展性和智慧合約的安全性是Kadena工作的重中之重，這種理念也是公司自2016年成立後的願景。如今我們已擁有了真實的企業用例，這代表著Kadena已經在區塊鏈實際應用領域成為了領頭羊。舉個例子，我們很高興和Rymedi和USCF（一個30億美元的基金）進行合作.
The journey has had its challenges, but each step we’ve taken in providing a secure and scalable hybrid blockchain platform has brought us to today. We’re proud of all the progress which you can see on Kadena’s Roadmap to a Hybrid Blockchain Platform[1].
[1]: https://medium.com/kadena-io/kadenas-roadmap-to-a-hybrid-blockchain-platform-dc0ff7c178a6
區塊鏈旅途中充滿了挑戰，但我們在為使用者提供安全的、可拓展的混合區塊鏈平臺方面的努力，成就了眼前的我們。我們為您能見到Kadena混合區塊鏈平臺路線圖[1]的進展而感到自豪。
[1]: https://medium.com/kadena-io/kadenas-roadmap-to-a-hybrid-blockchain-platform-dc0ff7c178a6
That about covers it, building momentum year over year has been amazing.
就這樣，年復一年增長的勢頭是非常驚人的。
Warren船長：
Q9：好的，第九個問題是，2019年陸續有很多頂尖科學家加持的高效能公鏈開始逐漸面世，比如同樣在coinlist募資的Algorand， Nervos等，同時市場上的很多公鏈也在不斷迭代，如以太坊也即將升級2.0。在這麼多的公鏈中，Kadena如何脫穎而出，並且獲得市場的認可？
In 2019, a number of high-performance public chains with the support of top scientists are gradually coming to the market, such as Algorand and Nervos, which are also funded by CoinList. Meanwhile, many public chains in the market are also in continuous updates, such as Ethereum, which is about to upgrade to 2.0. How does Kadena stand out among so many public chains and gain market recognition?
Will Martino:
The answer to this question lies in our ability to overcome well-known challenges within the blockchain industry. As you discussed, it’s not common for a public blockchain to address all issues within the blockchain trilemma. Those issues are security, scalability, and decentralization. Our public blockchain, paired with Pact, successfully addresses all of these challenges. Having a live solution now when other projects are still working on the problem is what allows Kadena to stand out in the market.
這個問題的答案在於，我們有能力克服區塊鏈行業內已知的各種難題。如您所言，能完美解決公有鏈不可能三角問題的專案屈指可數（即安全性、可拓展性和去中心化的矛盾）。我們的公有鏈，配合Pact語言，成功解決了公有鏈的不可能三角問題。這也是Kadena能在市場上脫穎而出的原因——當其他專案還在糾結如何解決不可能三角時，我們已經提出了一個可行的解決方案。
In contrast to other public chains who present mostly theoretical use cases, Kadena is live today with enterprise partners including USCF (a $3 billion fund) and Rymedi (tracking the quality of medicinal products).
與其他主要在“理想用例”上做文章的公鏈不同，Kadena目前已經和USCF（一個30億美元的基金）以及Rymedi（藥品質量追蹤）成為了合作伙伴，落地實體應用。
Warren船長：
Q10：確實，相比於技術開發，區塊鏈的應用落地更加重要。既然講到這裡，我們的最後一個問題是，目前中國開始對區塊鏈大力推進，而且更多的是聯盟鏈的發展，Kadena在中國市場有什麼推進計劃嗎？
Currently, China has started to push forward the blockchain, and it is more about the development of enterprise chain. Do you have any plans to promote Kadena in the Chinese market?
Will Martino:
Yes, Kadena has translated many, if not all, of our whitepapers so that the Chinese blockchain community can better understand Kadena and the products we offer.
當然有，Kadena已經將許多（還不是全部）白皮書翻譯為中文，以便中國的區塊鏈社羣能更好地理解Kadena以及它提供的產品情況。
We’ve also informed the community of our CoinList sale[1], providing the opportunity to take part in Kadena’s ecosystem. You can find a Kadena group in WeChat. We also look forward to speaking with more news outlets and community groups in China. This AMA is one example of our efforts to raise awareness of Kadena in the Chinese market.
我們還向社羣通告了我們的Coinlist公開銷售活動[1],為使用者提供參與到Kadena生態的機會。您可以在微信中加入Kadena的微信群，我們也期待同更多中國的新聞媒體和社羣團隊進行交流。本次AMA也是我們希望提高Kadena在中國市場知名度的一個例項。
Also, one of our investors is Youbi, who is helping us to find a chinese corporation to partner with for Kadena enterprise adoption.
此外，我們的投資者之一是Youbi，Youbi是幫助我們找到一箇中國公司與Kadema成為企業採用合作伙伴的投資人
Warren船長：
感謝Will的回答，我們AMA的第一階段先告一段落，Will的回答相當用心啊，接下來進入第二階段——自由問答時間，大家可以自由地對Will進行提問，我們將從中挑選幾個問題，讓Will給大家解答。
自由問答環節：
Warren船長：
Q1：目前Coinlist上的專案上線後都破發了，比如Algorond和Blockstack，你們會不會也遇到同樣的問題。問題來自@鄭格
The first question is that, at present, all the projects on Coinlist have been dumpped a lot since their launch, such as Algorond and Blockstack. Will you have the same problem？@Will Martino
Will Martino:
No, Kadena takes a very different approach to sales and launch. We believe launching with a low market cap is very important... who wants to get involved with a new blockchain when the VCs are already 30x!?! That's just crazy... and also why they get dumped an crash.
不，Kadena採取了一種非常不同的銷售和釋出方式。我們認為，以低市值上市非常重要……當VC已經獲得30倍利潤的時候，誰還想參與一個新的專案!?!這是瘋狂的…以及為什麼他們被瘋狂的拋售。
A +1B USD market cap right a launch is crazy, and pushes away regular people from being involved. Our market cap at launch is ~80MM USD at the end of the first year
10億美元的市值推出一個專案是非常瘋狂的，會讓普通人遠離這個專案。我們推出時的市值在第一年年底約為8000萬美金。
Warren船長：
Q2：好的，第二個問題，來自@冰青@Cyan 由於目前工作量證明在理論上存在偽礦池攻擊的情況（即：攻擊者將自己偽裝為礦池，吸引礦工加入直到算力超過33%進行自私挖礦攻擊的情況），採用工作量證明的Kadena如何避免傳統工作量證明的諸多問題（包括日蝕攻擊等）
The second question is that, Currently Proof of Work have a problem called "Fake-Pool Attack".(means that attacker pretend themself as a normal PoW pool so that attacker can attracted enough miners and hashrates to generate a Selfish Mining attack.). As we see, Kadena use the PoW consensus . How Kadena would solve problems in PoW algorithem? (Like Fake-Pool Attack, Selfish Mining and Eclipse Attack, etc. )
Will Martino:
It's a great question that I could teach a class on, for more details the gauntlet study is the place to go: https://medium.com/kadena-io/gauntlet-study-finds-kadena-public-blockchain-is-secure-and-scalable-b3de45ed4657
這是一個很好的問題，我可以作為一門課來闡述，更多的細節，可以去Medium看下：
but the gist is that, because POW is probablistic, the more blocks that are mined the faster things become "safe" -or- the harder POW attacks become. Because chainweb can have many blocks at the same height, these attacks become exponentially harder.
但要點是，因為PoW是可被證明的，挖掘的區塊越多，越快的東西變得“安全”——或者——Pow攻擊就會變得更加困難。由於chainweb在同一高度可以有許多塊，所以這些攻擊就會變得更加困難。
see: law of large numbers for some intuition into why chainweb is vastly safer than traditional nakamoto consensus.
請看：大數定律直接的解釋為什麼chainweb比傳統的中本共識更安全。
Warren船長：
Q3：第三個問題，來自@大麥@真本聰 ，Chainweb 號稱連結成百上千條pow 公鏈，但現在pow 公鏈的門檻越來越高，維護一條pow 的安全性需要大量的算力投入，你確定能夠出現這麼多條安全的pow 公鏈嗎？
The last question, @Will Martino . Chainweb claims to link hundreds of PoW public chains, but now the threshold of PoW public chains is getting higher and higher. Maintaining the security of a POW chain requires a lot of computing power investment. Are you sure there are so many safe POW public chains?
Will Martino:
Again, see the gauntlet study for a full simulation. I'm still amazed that Chainweb really works at scaling POW... but the theory says it would as well as the security simulations. Think about how Ethereum uses uncles (orphan blocks that were mined but don't represent transactions on chain) to have a very low confirmation time despite being POW. Chainweb uses a similar idea, except that our "uncles" are actually "peer chains" that represent real throughput. So the statistical security comes from there. Then we get to the economics, which in mining is pretty simple: hashing is +90% of the overall cost and if rewards are spread through the network evenly most miners will replicate and mine most chains. Thus, we get decentralization.
請再次參考全面模擬的挑戰研究。我仍然很驚訝，Chainweb真的可以擴充套件POW…但是理論認為它和安全模擬一樣有效。考慮一下Ethereum如何使用uncle(已被挖掘的孤塊，但不代表鏈上的事務)來獲得非常低的確認時間(儘管是POW)。Chainweb使用了類似的思想，只不過我們的“uncle”實際上是代表實際吞吐量的“同級鏈”。統計安全性來自於此。然後我們談到了經濟，這在採礦業是非常簡單的:雜湊是90%+的總成本，如果獎勵均勻地分佈在網路中，大多數礦工將複製和開採大多數鏈。這樣，我們就可以得到去中心化。
I could go on and on, but that's a good place to stop.
我還可以繼續說下去，但是我現在要先停止了。
Thank you so much for having me on!
非常感謝你們讓我有幸參加！
Warren船長：
非常感謝Will參與本次AMA，由於時間關係，本次的AMA就到此結束了。目前Kadena正在Coinlist上進行募資，如果大家想了解更多關於Kadena的資訊，歡迎訪問官方網站https://www.kadena.io/
